synchronized锁的是什么

2020-03-28

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最近发现synchronized锁的是什么？甚至有人认为synchronized锁的是代码？？！这个我觉得还是很有必要通过实际的示例来说明synchronized锁的到底是什么。

根据获取的锁的分类：获取对象锁和获取类锁！

获取对象锁的两种用法

1、同步代码块(synchronized(this), synchronized(类实例对象))，锁是小括号()中的实例对象。
2、同步非静态方法(synchronized method)，锁是当前对象的实例对象。

获取类锁的两种用法

1、同步代码块(synchronized(类.class))，锁是小括号()中的类对象，即Class对象。
2、同步静态方法(synchronized static method)，锁是当前对象的类对象(Class对象)。

对象锁示例

看看这样一段代码：

SynchronizedDemo.java

package thread_study.synchronize;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class SynchronizedDemo implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        if(threadName.startsWith("A")){
            async();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("B")){
            syncObjectBlock();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("C")){
            syncObjectMethod();
        }
    }

    private void async() {
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
            + "_Async_Start:" 
            + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
            + "_Async_End:" 
            + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private synchronized void syncObjectMethod() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
        + "_SyncObjectMethod:" 
        + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
            + "_SyncObjectMethod_Start:" 
            + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
            + "_SyncObjectMethod_End:" 
            + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void syncObjectBlock() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
        + "_SyncObjectBlock:" 
        + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        synchronized (this){
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                + "_SyncObjectBlock_Start:" 
                + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
                
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                + "_SyncObjectBlock_End:" 
                + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

SynchronizedMain.java

package thread_study.synchronize;

public class SynchronizedMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronizedDemo demo = new SynchronizedDemo();
        Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(demo, "A_thread1");
        Thread A_thread2 = new Thread(demo, "A_thread2");
        Thread B_thread1 = new Thread(demo, "B_thread1");
        Thread B_thread2 = new Thread(demo, "B_thread2");
        Thread C_thread1 = new Thread(demo, "C_thread1");
        Thread C_thread2 = new Thread(demo, "C_thread2");
        A_thread1.start();
        A_thread2.start();

        B_thread1.start();
        B_thread2.start();

        C_thread1.start();
        C_thread2.start();
    }
}

mark

但是如果我们传入不同的对象呢？

package thread_study.synchronize;

public class SynchronizedMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //SynchronizedDemo demo = new SynchronizedDemo();
        Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread1");
        Thread A_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread2");
        Thread B_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "B_thread1");
        Thread B_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "B_thread2");
        Thread C_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "C_thread1");
        Thread C_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "C_thread2");
        A_thread1.start();
        A_thread2.start();

        B_thread1.start();
        B_thread2.start();

        C_thread1.start();
        C_thread2.start();
    }
}

mark

从上面的代码和结果中我们可以得出一个结论，那就是

获取对象锁的两种用法：
1、同步代码块(synchronized(this), synchronized(类实例对象))，锁是小括号()中的实例对象。
2、同步非静态方法(synchronized method)，锁是当前对象的实例对象。

同步非静态方法锁住整个方法，而同步代码块只是锁住的只是方法中的一部分代码

获取类锁的两种用法
1、同步代码块(synchronized(类.class))，锁是小括号()中的类对象，即Class对象。
2、同步静态方法(synchronized static method)，锁是当前对象的类对象(Class对象)。

同步静态方法锁住整个方法，而同步代码块只是锁住的只是方法中的一部分代码，与上面一样的

类锁示例

下面来看看同步静态方法和同步代码块(synchronized(类.class))的效果吧：

package thread_study.synchronize;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class SynchronizedDemo implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        if(threadName.startsWith("A")){
            async();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("B")){
            syncObjectBlock();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("C")){
            syncObjectMethod();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("D")){
            syncClassBlock();
        }else if(threadName.startsWith("E")){
            syncClassMethod();
        }
    }

    private synchronized static void syncClassMethod() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                           + "_SyncClassMethod:"
                           + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                               + "_SyncClassMethod_Start:"
                               + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                               + "_SyncClassMethod_End:"
                               + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void syncClassBlock() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                           + "_SyncClassBlock:" 
                           + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        synchronized (SynchronizedDemo.class){
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                   + "_SyncClassBlock_Start:"
                                   + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                                   + "_SyncClassBlock_End:" 
                                   + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void async() {
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                               + "_Async_Start:" 
                               + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                               + "_Async_End:" 
                               + new SimpleDateFormat("mm:ss").format(new Date()));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //...和上面一样的
}

SynchronizedMain.java

package thread_study.synchronize;

public class SynchronizedMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread1");
        Thread A_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread2");
        Thread D_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "D_thread1");
        Thread D_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "D_thread2");
        Thread E_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "E_thread1");
        Thread E_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "E_thread2");

        A_thread1.start();
        A_thread2.start();

        D_thread1.start();
        D_thread2.start();
        E_thread1.start();
        E_thread2.start();
    }
}

mark

对象锁和类锁不会干扰

最后看看类锁和对象锁是否会相互影响呢？

修改一下代码：

package thread_study.synchronize;

public class SynchronizedMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //SynchronizedDemo demo = new SynchronizedDemo();
        Thread A_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread1");
        Thread A_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "A_thread2");
        Thread B_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "B_thread1");
        Thread B_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "B_thread2");
        Thread C_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "C_thread1");
        Thread C_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "C_thread2");
        Thread D_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "D_thread1");
        Thread D_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "D_thread2");
        Thread E_thread1 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "E_thread1");
        Thread E_thread2 = new Thread(new SynchronizedDemo(), "E_thread2");

        A_thread1.start();
        A_thread2.start();

        B_thread1.start();
        B_thread2.start();
        C_thread1.start();
        C_thread2.start();

        D_thread1.start();
        D_thread2.start();
        E_thread1.start();
        E_thread2.start();
    }
}

mark

可以看出来，类锁和对象锁是不会相互干扰的！

本文作者： Tim
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